A 2008 literature review identified 84 cases of Wernickes encephalopathy after bariatric surgery (primarily gastric bypass surgery) between 1991 and 2008 [35]. [, Butterworth RF, Besnard AM. Is Thiamine Mononitrate Vegan? What's It Made Of? (Vitamin B1) [, Thornalley PJ, Babaei-Jadidi R, Al Ali H, Rabbani N, Antonysunil A, Larkin J, et al. The prevalence of thiamin deficiency in hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure. DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Niazi AK, O'Keefe JH, Hu T. Effects of thiamine on cardiac function in patients with systolic heart failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. These particular ingredients may or may not have animal derived ingredients or alcohol. [. Bacteria in the large intestine also synthesize free thiamin and TDP, but their contribution, if any, to thiamin nutrition is currently unknown [4]. The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff's syndrome: out of sight, out of mind? Benfotiamine is not water soluble and is converted to thiamin in the body [13]. Legumes and nuts like peanuts, cashew nuts, hazel nuts, walnuts, etc. Sharma S, Sheehy T, Kolonel LN. Healthcare providers may recommend a supplement to people taking those drugs. More research is needed to determine whether thiamin supplements might benefit people with heart failure, even if they have normal thiamin status. FDA does not require food labels to list thiamin content unless thiamin has been added to the food. citrus fruit, tomatoes, etc). Benfotiamine, thiamine monophosphate chloride and thiamine pyrophosphate chloride, as sources of vitamin B1 added for nutritional purposes to food supplements: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS). The authors of one study reported that 33% of 100 patients with chronic heart failure had thiamin deficiency compared to 12% of 50 healthy volunteers [49]. Thiamine is a crucial vitamin for humans to consume. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. In rare cases, when it is not treated, it could lead to irreversible damage to the brain. However, the authors of these studies did not assess the potential clinical significance of these findings. Without carrageenan, some products would not meet organic standards or vegetarian, halal, or kosher diets http://www.foodingredientfacts.org. dan Mineral (Zat Besi, seng, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Asam folat). Its not thought that supplementing with thiamine causes any adverse side effects. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2006;3:120-1. Injectable thiamine must be given by a healthcare professional. Thiamin is available in many dietary supplements. This disorder is about 810 times more common in people with chronic alcoholism than in the general population, but it can also develop in patients who have severe gastrointestinal disorders, rapidly progressing hematologic malignancies, drug use disorders, or AIDS [2]. Am J Clin Nutr. Thiamine deficiency in diabetes mellitus and the impact of thiamine replacement on glucose metabolism and vascular disease. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a common outcome of thiamine deficiency in the United States than beriberi. Halal is an Arabic word means lawful or permitted. Alcohol Alcohol 2005;40:155-6. 10th ed. Halal Nicotinic acid/Niacin Nicotinic Acid is a vitamin manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as White Crystalline powder. In: Coates PM, Betz JM, Blackman MR, et al., eds. Giving the supplement slowly and with fluids may help cut this risk, but there arent any accepted guidelines. [, Gibson GE, Sheu KF, Blass JP, Baker A, Carlson KC, Harding B, et al. Eur Heart J. Thiamine Deficiency: What Is It and What Are the Risk Factors? - WebMD 2020;58:174-176. doi:10.5414/CP203595. Hashimoto's Disease-Related Fatigue and Thiamine Levels, Beriberi as a Result of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency, Taking on Vitamin Deficiencies in Hepatitis C, Guide to Dietary Supplements and Thyroid Disease. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65:684-90. Research has linked the use of furosemide to decreases in thiamin concentrations, possibly to deficient levels, as a result of urinary thiamin loss [49,58,59]. The most common effect of thiamin deficiency is beriberi, which is characterized mainly by peripheral neuropathy and wasting [1-3]. Guidelines from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery also recommend that thiamine levels be tested in people who have gastric surgery and are at risk for a thiamine deficiency. They then compared those who received the thiamine and those who didn't. Case Rep Oncol 2010;3:362-7. Is this your first time visiting our site? Other newer studies found this was not the case after thiamine therapy. Am J Med 2012;125:e5. [. Several food sources of thiamin are listed in Table 2. For this reason, it is a good idea to have them in your daily diet. 2018;1430(1):3-43. doi:10.1111/nyas.13919, Nunes PT, Kipp BT, Reitz NL, Savage LM. A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy following fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. It can also be taken as a supplement on its own, in capsule or liquid form. Papila B, Yildiz O, Tural D, Delil S, Hasiloglu ZI, Ayan F, et al. Nutr J 2013;12:65. At this chronic state of the disorder, parenteral thiamin treatment does not lead to recovery in about one-quarter of patients [22]. Acta Diabetol. Thiamin is naturally present in some foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. Taken orally, it's not expected to cause adverse reactions at higher levels, but theres also no data to prove otherwise. Hydrolysed, peptide-based feed (99% peptides and 1% free amino acid) Contains 70% of fat as MCT Lactose and Gluten free Suitable for oral feeding or tube feeding Suitable as sole source of nutrition Halal certified DOSAGE RECOMMENDATIONS: Use as directed by Health Care Professional for oral supplement or enteral tube feed. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); We promise, you will not receive more than two e-mails from us per month. For healthy adults in the United States, a balanced diet usually provides enough thiamine. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001:CD001498. -Arginine 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. O you who have believed, eat from the good things which We have provided for you and be grateful to Allah if it is [indeed] Him that you worship. Surah Baqarah 2:172. Vitamin A: If source are plant and synthetic, it is halal. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1996;26:234-6. Vitamin B1: As Thiamine (synthetic and from eggs) This may help in catching a deficiency early and getting the support to bring levels up to normal and avoid complications. Are Oreos Halal in the US & Canada [2023]? - Halal Guidance Administration of supplemental thiamin, often parenterally, quickly cures beriberi [2,3]. The study found that mental decline was less in those who received thiamine. EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. Vitamin B1 is essential for a healthy nervous system and overall well-being, providing the body nourishment for the occasional stress of daily living. Nabokina SM, Said HM. Alcohol Alcohol 2009;44:148-54. 2020;2020:9349063. doi:10.1155/2020/9349063. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) | The Nutrition Source | Harvard T.H. Chan School It is a progressive condition. [, Stracke H, Gaus W, Achenbach U, Federlin K, Bretzel RG. About half of the thiamin in the U.S. diet comes from foods that naturally contain thiamin; the remainder comes from foods to which thiamin has been added [9]. J Med Case Rep 2010;4:409. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. doi:10.7759/cureus.8027, Beltramo E, Mazzeo A, Porta M. Thiamine and diabetes: back to the future? [, Xanthakos SA. The different rates of thiamin deficiency in patients with heart failure in these and other studies are probably due to differences in nutrition status, comorbidities, medications and dietary supplements used, and techniques used to measure thiamin status [48]. These lower thiamin levels might be due to increases in clearance of thiamin by the kidneys. As a synthesized chemical, this food Vitamin is general recognized as halal. 2020;21:6413. doi:10.3390/ijms21176413, Wilson RB. As a vitamin, Nicotinic acid/Niacin is general recognized as halal. People who live with certain conditions, includingalcohol use disorder, diabetes, certain gastrointestinal conditions or surgeries, or heart failure,may need to watch for thiamine deficiencies. List of halal and haram food ingredients - SoundVision.com J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1987;33:421-30. Thiamine, also called vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found in virtually every cell in the body. Thiamine and cardiovascular disease: a literature review, The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, Thiamine supplementation in symptomatic chronic heart failure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study, High-dose thiamine supplementation in older patients with heart failure: a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial(THIAMINE-HF), Thiamin supplementation does not improve left ventricular ejection fraction in ambulatory heart failure patients: a randomized controlled trial, The effects of thiamine supplementation on patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Effects of thiamine on cardiac function in patients with systolic heart failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, Benfotiamine and cognitive decline in Alzheimers disease: results of a randomized placebo-controlled phase IIA clinical trial, US national trends in bariatric surgery: A decade of study, Estimate of bariatric surgery numbers, 2011-2020, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery integrated health nutritional guidelines for the surgical weight loss patient 2016 update: micronutrients, Thiamine deficiency disorders: diagnosis, prevalence, and a roadmap for global control programs, Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction, Alcohol addiction, gut microbiota, and alcoholism treatment: a review, Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of beriberi after gastric surgery, Cognitive impairment severity in relation to signs of subclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy in HIV and alcoholism comorbidity, Incidence of adverse reactions to parenteral thiamine in the treatment of Wernickes encephalopathy, and recommendations, Does long-term furosemide therapy cause thiamine deficiency in patients with heart failure? Clin Res Cardiol. The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and Emergency Department. THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1) - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD This is a fact sheet intended for health professionals. Int J Mol Sci. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011;13:41. Oral thiamine isnt expected to interact with other medications. Supplements containing B-complex vitamins (including thiamin) or thiamin only are also available. Thiamine and diabetes: back to the future? 2022;4:532-539. doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2022.02.007. CJC Open. US national trends in bariatric surgery: A decade of study. Groups With a Higher Incidence of Thiamine Deficiency. It is also known as vitamin B1. Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials (those in which neither the researchers nor participants know whether they received the active ingredient) compared oral thiamine and injections of thiamine forWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamin B1, or thiamin, helps prevent complications in the nervous system, brain, muscles, heart, stomach, and intestines. Foods, fortificants, and supplements: Where do Americans get their nutrients? This vitamin plays a critical role in energy metabolism and, therefore, in the growth, development, and function of cells [1]. It's made with high-quality ingredients and all the essential vitamins and minerals to keep your heart +, brain, and eyes healthy and protected. Centrum Silver Adults 50+ Multivitamin | Centrum Other health problems, such as diabetes, may worsen the condition. Vitamin C: Natural sources are from plant. Ingested thiamin from food and dietary supplements is absorbed by the small intestine through active transport at nutritional doses and by passive diffusion at pharmacologic doses [1]. By Amber J. Tresca The study was small, and the authors have called for a larger trial, but they are encouraged that thiamine supplementation might be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease. Fresh or dried fruits. AIDS. However, certain groups of people may have a deficiency, either because they cant get enough thiamine in their diet or their bodies cant absorb it properly. The amount of thiamin recommended during pregnancy and lactation varies depending on the pregnancy's phase and the energy needs of the person. The published literature includes several cases of beriberi or Wernickes encephalopathy resulting from treatment with this drug, possibly because the drug might increase thiamin metabolism and block the formation of TDP, the active form of thiamin [60-63]. Vitamin B1, also called thiamine or thiamin, is one of 8 B vitamins. 2016;129:753.e7-753.e11. [. The authors did not assess the clinical significance of this finding, however. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Also, people with alcoholism tend to have inadequate intakes of essential nutrients, including thiamin. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. [, Alaei Shahmiri F, Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Sherriff J. High-dose thiamine supplementation improves glucose tolerance in hyperglycemic individuals: a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial. Most people in the United States consume the recommended amounts of thiamin. In many patients, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has two phases. Aguilar F, Charrondiere UR, Dusemund B, Galtier P, Gilbert J, Gott DM, et al. Dinicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Niazi AK, O'Keefe JH, Hu T. Effects of thiamine on cardiac function in patients with systolic heart failure: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Zenuk C, Healey J, Donnelly J, Vaillancourt R, Almalki Y, Smith S. Thiamine deficiency in congestive heart failure patients receiving long term furosemide therapy. She was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at age 16. Aldhaeefi M, McLaughlin K, Goodberlet M, Szumita P. Evaluation of the safety of 500 mg intravenous push thiamine at a tertiary academic medical center. Thiamine deficiency and delirium. Thomson AD, Cook CC, Touquet R, Henry JA. Ann Surg 2008;248:714-20. Meador K, Loring D, Nichols M, Zamrini E, Rivner M, Posas H, et al. *DV = Daily Value. Three studies found that, compared to placebo, 120900 mg/day benfotiamine with or without other B-vitamins decreased the severity of neuropathy symptoms and lowered urinary albumin excretion (a marker of early-stage diabetic nephropathy) [43-45]. The recommended daily intake (RDI) for adults over age eighteen is 1.2 mg/day for men and 1.1 mg/day for women. Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin which is essential for energy metabolism. There are many whole-food and fortified-food sources of thiamine, including: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is often found in multivitamins, usually with other B vitamins. BMC Med. Thiamin is found in fortified processed flours and ready-to-eat cereals, lean pork, beef, wheat germ and whole grains, yeast, organ meats (especially liver), eggs, fish, legumes, and nuts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012;303:G389-95. Ito Y, Yamanaka K, Susaki H, Igata A. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012;58:210-6. Larger, well-designed studies are needed to determine whether thiamin supplements are beneficial for Alzheimers disease. Thiamine is also available as a supplement and by prescription as an . 2019;110:1287-1295. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz192. The body uses thiamine to get the energy to grow cells and support body functions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed DVs to help consumers compare the nutrient contents of foods and dietary supplements within the context of a total diet. University of Rochester Medical Center. London and New York: Informa Healthcare; 2010:748-53. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 500 mg Tablets - General Health - Solgar (e.g. Rapidly progressive polyneuropathy due to dry beriberi in a man: a case report. It is listed as doubtful and I wanted to know if they are listed as vegan are they halal or not because I know some products can be made using alcohol. Individuals taking these and other medications on a regular basis should discuss their thiamin status with their health care providers. Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) Thiamin is a nutrient found in Whole grains, rice, meats, eggs, milk, and green-leaf vegetables. Metab Brain Dis 1990;5:179-84. 2021;170(1):13-17. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2021.02.002. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%98%) healthy individuals; often used to plan nutritionally adequate diets for individuals. Dairy products and most fruits contain little thiamin [3]. They leave the body through the urine. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;7:CD004033. [, Alkhalaf A, Klooster A, van Oeveren W, Achenbach U, Kleefstra N, Slingerland RJ, et al. 2018;61:27-32. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.01.009, Witte KK, Nikitin NP, Parker AC, et al. Incidence of adverse reactions to parenteral thiamine in the treatment of Wernickes encephalopathy, and recommendations. Thiamin. People with this condition have impaired sensory, motor, and reflex functions. Neuropsychol Rev 2012;22:81-92. These values, which vary by age and sex, include: Table 1 lists the current RDAs for thiamin [7]. Here is a comprehensive list of halal and haram ingredients. It is especially found in people who have alcohol use disorder. Boldorini R, Vago L, Lechi A, Tedeschi F, Trabattoni GR. Memiliki sertifikat halal dengan nomor 228820095002 yang berlaku sampai dengan 23 Oktober 2022 17 . Wooley JA. The role of low plasma thiamin levels in cognitively impaired elderly patients presenting with acute behavioral disturbances. These randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials compared 5 mg/day by mouth for 2 weeks or daily intramuscular doses of 5 to 200 mg/day thiamin over 2 consecutive days in a total of 177 people with a history of chronic alcohol use. The result, known as the "TDP effect," reflects the extent of unsaturation of transketolase with TDP. The total thiamine pool in the average adult is about 30 mg. An intake of 0.5 mg per 1000 kcal per day . In a study of 76 consecutive patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, for example, 8% had mild thiamin deficiency and 32% had moderate deficiency based on assays of the transketolase enzyme [33]. The federal government's 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. We can get the recommended amounts of thiamin by eating a variety of foods. [, Wilkinson TJ, Hanger HC, George PM, Sainsbury R. Is thiamine deficiency in elderly people related to age or co-morbidity? TDP serves as an essential cofactor for five enzymes involved in glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism [1,3]. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. 101,102 Thiaminase I uses nucleophiles such as quinoline, aniline, and pyridine but not water. Thiamin (vitamin B1) helps the body's cells change carbohydrates into energy. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004033.pub3, Anwar A, Ahmed Azmi M, Siddiqui JA, et al. This syndrome is serious and can even be deadly. 2022;70:102853. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102853. Halal and Haram Ingredient Database - IslamCan.com Blog I AM IN LOVE WITH A CHRISTIAN GIRL CAN I MARRY HER? Halal and Haram Articles - Ingredients and Additives: Their Origins and How Do I Know If I Have a Thiamine Deficiency? 2017;13:727741. They recommend 200 mg thiamin, preferably intravenously, three times daily (total of 600 mg/day) until the signs and symptoms stop, along with a balanced diet. Osiezagha K, Ali S, Freeman C, Barker NC, Jabeen S, Maitra S, Olagbemiro Y, Richie W, Bailey RK. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease. The 9 Best Vitamins and Supplements for Skin Health. The recommended treatment for severe deficiency consists of 2530 mg intravenously in infants and 50100 mg in adults, then 10 mg daily administered intramuscularly for approximately one week, followed by 35 mg/day oral thiamin for at least 6 weeks. They hypothesize that the apparent lack of toxicity may be explained by the rapid decline in absorption of thiamin at intakes above 5 mg. However, there is some evidence that the drugsLasix (furosemide) and Adrucil (fluorouracil)could cause the body to lose too much thiamine. A thiamine deficiency can become serious, so its important for those who might lack it to be tested and receive a supplement. * Halal () foods are foods that Muslims are allowed to eat or drink Kopelman MD, Thomson AD, Guerrini I, Marshall EJ. Hi, i just want to know about niacin and thiamin. The body needs thiamine to keep blood glucose levels steady, so this can lead to complications in people with diabetes. Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin that is found in some foods and may also be taken as a supplement. Levels of thiamin in the blood are not reliable indicators of thiamin status. -Potassium hydroxide. When thiamine levels get too low, it may initially cause signs and symptoms such as: A more severe or long-term thiamine deficiency may cause complications, including conditions called beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Fresh or naturally frozen vegetables. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. If an ingredient is missing, please use the comment form below to report it and we will look into it. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on benfotiamine treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy. A deficiency of thiamine, or vitamin B1, may go undiagnosed and is associated with poor health outcomes, including death. Up to 20%30% of older adults have laboratory indicators that suggest some degree of thiamin deficiency [2,7]. Thiamine helps some of the enzymes in the body that are used in the metabolism of glucose. Since most ingredients are listed using their chemical name, its difficult to figure out if they are halal or not. These people will also need more intensive therapy to improve their ability to learn and retain memories. Yet it isn't clear that thiamine helps heart failure patients do any better in the long term. 2021;22:1132. doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10566, Thomson A, Guerrini I, Marshall EJ. Thiamine is considered a form of vitamin B that is water-soluble. Does long-term furosemide therapy cause thiamine deficiency in patients with heart failure? Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): Maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects. Urine tests, which measure how much thiamine is being excreted, might also be used. Thiamine Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) We require a regular supply of dietary thiamin. -Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate Food sources of thiamin include whole grains, meat, and fish [2]. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2003;10:184-8. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. It is also involved in the flow of electrolytes into and out of . The bodys cells need thiamine in order to generate energy, develop, grow, and function. Benefits. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The main role of carbohydrates is to provide energy for the body, especially the brain and nervous system. Thiamin is naturally present in some foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. Read our. [, O'Rourke NP, Bunker VW, Thomas AJ, Finglas PM, Bailey AL, Clayton BE. In its guidelines for managing Wernickes encephalopathy in emergency departments, the Royal College of Physicians in London supports the administration of oral thiamin hydrochloride (100 mg three times a day) in patients with adequate dietary intakes of thiamin and no signs or symptoms of Wernickes encephalopathy [39]. It is also associated with HIV/AIDS, drug dependency, digestive diseases, and certain types of blood cancer. Elizabeth Barnes, RDN, is a registered dietitian nutritionist who specializes in eating disorders, type 2 diabetes, and heart health. Diabetologia 2009;52:208-12. In addition to insufficient intakes of thiamin from the diet, the causes of thiamin deficiency include lower absorption or higher excretion rates than normal due, for example, to certain conditions (such as alcohol dependence or HIV/AIDS) or use of some medications [3]. Because of the lack of reports of adverse effects from high thiamin intakes (50 mg/day or more) from food or supplements, the FNB did not establish ULs for thiamin [7]. Preliminary findings of high-dose thiamine in dementia of Alzheimer's type. She was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at age 16. The fact that a vitamin source is indicated to be of synthetic origin does not guarantee that the tablet, capsule or liquid formula is Halal. Ochsner J 2013;13:495-9. EFSA J 2008;864:1-31. 2016;38:2277-2285. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.08.009, Kira J. citrus fruit, tomatoes, etc). Vitamin D: Natural sources are yeast and fish liver oil. Arch Neurol 1988;45:836-40. It is also known as vitamin B1. The remaining dietary thiamin is in free (absorbable) form [1,2]. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Future Med Chem. A focused review, Potential thiamine deficiency in elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy, Allithiamine exerts therapeutic effects on sepsis by modulating metabolic flux during dendritic cell activation, Therapeutic potential of vitamin B1 derivative benfotiamine from diabetes to COVID-19, Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of thiamine and its phosphorylated metabolites administered as multivitamin preparations, Therapeutic benefits of an oral vitamin B1 derivative for human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), Role of the synthetic B1 vitamin sulbutiamine on health, People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, Short-term memory loss or other mental problems, Numbness or tingling in the fingers or feet (, Confusion (temporospatial disorientation), Feeling of tingling or pins and needles in the extremities (, 1418 years: Males1.2 mg; females1.0 mg, 1950 years: Males1.2 mg; females1.1 mg, 51 years and over: Males1.2 mg; females1.1 mg, Allithiamine (thiamine allyl disulfide or TAD), Benfotiamine (S-benzoylthiamine-O-monophosphate), Fursultiamine (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide or TTFD), sold under the brand names Alinamin-F, Benlipoid, Bevitol Lipophil, Judolor, and Lipothiamine, Prosultiamine (thiamine propyl disulfide or TPD), including the brandJubedel, Sulbutiamine, sold under the brands Arcalion and Enerion. Arch Neurol 1991;48:81-3. The proportion of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who have poor thiamin status based on erythrocyte transketolase activity ranges from 17% to 79% in studies conducted to date [40]. Thiamine vitamins are necessary for keeping the.