Students took classes in acting, stagecraft, makeup, and voice, and if they were talented enough, they might be asked to appear in plays with the resident acting company. 603-526-6710;nlbarn.org. Our commitment is to educate, empower and inspire students of all ages from all backgrounds to explore and expand their creative talents and aspirations, to experience and appreciate live theatre and to develop and nurture a life-long . The Oldcastle Theatre Company offers both contemporary and classic productions in its downtown-Bennington theater throughout the summer. Warehouse TheatreColumbus, OHhttps://www.warehousetheatre.org/casting*NOTE: Site is missing, but lots of references by third parties. Try changing the year in the URL to the current one if you have problems. Whether your summer preference is for cool mountain lakes or hot ocean beaches, either western or eastern Massachusetts are as rewarding as ever for theater buffs: In addition to the critically acclaimed stages in the Berkshire Mountains, Cape Cod has been undergoing a sort of renaissance, as a venue not just for refried Broadway hits but for experimental drama -- hearkening back to 1916, when Eugene O'Neil and the Provincetown Players revolutionized the American stage with the premiere of Bound East for Carddiff, at the Wharf Theatre. 866/626-5327; www.stockbridgechamber.org) lists lodgings. The Sharon Playhouse presents acclaimed plays and musicals on its stages throughout the summer months.
Summer Internship Recap: Kimberlin Torain & the Williamstown Theatre ANY COLLEGE STUDENT that has completed a minimum of one year in a theater or performing arts program is encouraged to apply. 331 Main St., Bennington, VT.802-447-0564;oldcastletheatre.org. Williamstown Theatre Festival is an IRS Section 501(c)(3) company. Williamstown Theatre . Mahaiwe: Close Encounters With Music - Gala Concert. Founded in 1956, the Theatre Workshop of Nantucket provides quality summer entertainment for both guests and inhabitants of the popular vacation spot. From June to August, the Interlakes Summer Theatre provides delightful musical theater productions in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire. Spokane Valley Summer TheatreSpokane Valley, WAhttps://www.svsummertheatre.com/auditionsNOTE: Auditions link is just to a form. Cape Cod is home to the country's oldest summer theater, the Cape Cod Playhouse, where Bette Davis made her stage debut, as did Gregory Peck, Lana Turner, Ginger Rogers, Humphrey Bogart, and Tallulah Bankhead. "[2], Most sources consider 1893 to be the first year of summer stock. WE ARE SO APPRECIATIVE OF OUR PARTNERS Fame Started Here. A few weeks in I realized it's because summer stock is pretty much a summer camp for adults.
Summer of Nostalgia: That time when Plymouth was the hub of summer In Stockbridge, the Fitzpatrick Main Stage is an iconic 1928 venue that brings in classical productions and world premieres every summer, while the smaller Unicorn Theatre presents experimental and avant-garde work. Welcome To Priscilla Beach Theatre. The name combines the season with the tradition of staging shows by a resident company, reusing stock scenery and costumes.
Celebrate The Return Of In-Person Theater With These 15 Summer - WBUR 62 Centre St., Nantucket, MA.
Auditions - The Cape Playhouse Professional level live theatre presented in a Historic Barn Theatre. However, opinions differ on the official first year of summer stock. 207-725-8769;msmt.org. Have a great day! Rather than offer one play for a set number of weeks, this theater has a repertoire of playsa selection of which it performs every week. Mahaiwe Performing Arts Center 14 Castle Street, Great Barrington, MA.
Summer stock theatre Wiki - everipedia.org [20] Additionally, Fredric March, Minnie Maddern Fiske, Beulah Bondi, Edward G. Robinson (see photo above), and Sylvia Sidney were all stock cast members at one time. WTC presents diverse, surprising stories and astonishing, thrilling artists.
Summer Stock | Olney Theatre Center It was the first full-length season of summer stock. The Winter Park PlayhouseWinter Park, FLhttp://winterparkplayhouse.org/NOTE: Positions and auditions under Get Involved. $28 - $52. If all else fails, search engines are your friend. (Lakewood Playhouse near Skowhegan, Maine (1901 for summer), was an earlier theater, but it was an established stock theater that had then been used as a summer venue.)[11]. 413-585-3220;newcenturytheatre.org. By 1950, there were 152 Equity companies, including the Ogunquit Playhouse[13] and Skowhegan Playhouse in Maine; the Woodstock Playhouse and the Forestburgh Playhouse in upstate New York; Falmouth Playhouse in Massachusetts (burned down in 1994);[14] Priscilla Beach Theatre in Plymouth, Massachusetts, and the Bucks County Playhouse in New Hope (suburban Philadelphia), Pennsylvania (established in 1939). Woods Hole scientists still make up a good part of the audience, and their probing, after-performance questions have reportedly lent tremendous insight to many of the playwrights who come here to rough out new work. The Little Church Theater started out as a tiny Catholic chapel, but today it acts as an intimate setting for a variety of performances throughout the summer months. St. Croix Festival TheatreSt. The original Lambertville theater closed in 1970, and both the Sacramento and South Shore theaters continue to thrive today. The Orleans Arena Theatre, 1950 2 / 3 < > Documentary | TV-G STAGESTRUCK: CONFESSIONS FROM SUMMER STOCK takes a nostalgic look back at the 26-year history of America's first "in-the-round" summer stock theater, the Orleans Arena Theatre on Massachusetts' Cape Cod. In Stockbridge, the 77-year-old Berkshire Theatre Festival (tel.
SIGN UP TODAY OUR 2023 SEASON KICKS OFF WITH BEAUTIFUL At the start of the Cape, Falmouth is about a 1-1/2-hour drive from Providence International Airport and a little longer from Boston, depending on traffic. Shakespeare Theatre CompanyWashington, DC NWhttp://www.shakespearetheatre.org/about/careers-and-casting/. Originally built as a barn and stables, Historic Highfield Theatre was an out building of Highfield Hall, providing the homes for Pierson Beebe's prized horses, Salaam and Ali Baba. The usual fare consisted of light comedies, romances and mysteries. Put simply, summer stock theatres are theatres only open during the summer, and historically used stock sets, costumes, props, etc.
Theaters Around the Cape - CapeCod.com (1919) is the nation's oldest and largest outdoor musical theatre; Manhattan Theatre Colony, first started near Peterborough, New Hampshire (1927) and moved to Ogunquit, Maine; the Cape Playhouse, Dennis, Massachusetts (1927); and the Berkshire Playhouse . Im starting to wonder if your lists are pay to play. How did you ever omit the wonderful and well-known Shakespeare & Company in Lenox, MA? . The Acadia Repertory Theatre, located only 20 minutes outside Bar Harbor, puts on a wide variety of plays during its summer season, which runs from June to September. Lenox is about one hour and 15 minutes from Albany, and about three hours from New York City or Boston. The Ogunquit Playhouse, begun in 1933, attracted performers such as Maude Adams, Ethel Barrymore, and Laurette Taylor in the early years and more recently, Sally Struthers, Lucie Arnaz, and Lorenzo Lamas.
Priscilla Beach Theatre (Plymouth) - All You Need to Know - Tripadvisor By car, Stockbridge is about 45 minutes from Hartford or Albany International Airports, 2.5 to 3 hours from New York City, and two hours from Boston. She then . 104 Cheney Rd., Dorset, VT.802-867-2223;dorsettheatrefestival.org. That way, one can quickly find shows that are of interest, regardless of which city/town they are located in. Ranging from supervisory to assistantship positions, WTF staff members engage with some of the top professionals in American theater. What are some well-known summer stock theaters? Studio TheatreWashington, DC NWhttps://www.studiotheatre.org/home/work-with-us, Theater JWashington, DC NWhttps://theaterj.org/get-involved/, Woolly Mammoth Theatre CompanyWashington, DC NWhttps://www.woollymammoth.net/join-us/work-here, ACTA TheatreTrussville, ALhttps://www.actatheater.com/auditions, Birmingham Childrens TheatreBirmingham, ALhttp://www.bct123.org/join-our-team, Birmingham Theatre FestivalBirmingham, ALhttps://www.bftonline.org/auditions/, Red Mountain Theatre CompanyBirmingham, ALhttp://redmountaintheatre.org/auditions/, Virginia Samford TheatreBirmingham, ALhttps://www.virginiasamfordtheatre.org/theatre-info/auditions/, Asolo Repertory TheatreSarasota, FLhttp://www.asolorep.org/auditions, Emerald Coast Theatre CompanyMiramar Beach, FLhttps://www.emeraldcoasttheatre.org/auditions, Florida Repertory TheatreFort Myers, FLhttps://www.floridarep.org/about-florida-rep/work-here/, Gulfshore PlayhouseNaples, FLhttps://www.gulfshoreplayhouse.org/about/work-with-us/, The HippodromeGainesville, FLhttps://thehipp.org/auditions/, Ocala Civic TheatreOcala, FLhttps://ocalacivictheatre.com/auditions/, Orlando Shakespeare FestivalOrlando, FLhttps://www.orlandoshakes.org/about-us/careers-and-internships/, Riverside TheatreVero Beach, FLhttps://www.riversidetheatre.com/employmenthttps://www.riversidetheatre.com/professional-auditionshttps://www.riversidetheatre.com/professional-apprenticeship-program, The Straz Center for Performing ArtsTampa, FLhttps://strazcenter.org/Get-Involved/Employment, Theatre JacksonvilleJacksonville, FLhttps://www.theatrejax.com/auditions, Titusville PlayhouseTitusville, FLhttps://titusvilleplayhouse.com/home/sample-page/, Totem Pole PLayhouseFayetteville, PAhttps://totempoleplayhouse.org/auditions/https://totempoleplayhouse.org/about-the-theatre/hiring/. Due to housing challenges exacerbated by the pandemic, local actors are particularly encouraged to audition. 103 Main St., Ivoryton, CT.860-767-7318;ivorytonplayhouse.org. var theDate=new Date()
413-997-4444; berkshiretheatregroup.org. We like to travel explicitly for theatre it would be helpful to have a reverse lookup list showing the titles of the shows that will be playing all In 1926, more than two decades after his time at the theater, he sent a telegram stating: "It is a long time since I spent a very pleasant summer in stock at the Elitch Gardens. Located in a rustic theater in a picturesque Vermont town, the Dorset Theatre Festival presents engaging summer theater from June to September. One of the oldest summer theaters in the country, The Barnstormers acquired its reputation for excellence by regularly putting on high-quality plays featuring talented actors. It opened on June 10, 1893. Dr. Franklin Trask and his wife, Agnes, opened the 240-seat theater on eight acres of the former Taylor Farm. NOTE: Links with a * beside them indicate a URL that might only work when companies have positions/auditions available. This, then, is the oldest summer stock theater. The Williamstown Theatre Festival (tel. For the 1905 season, a 20-something Cecil B. DeMille was a minor player in the stock cast. Gretna Theatre, opened in 1927 in the Pennsylvania Chautauqua community of Mount Gretna, and has hosted performers such as Bernadette Peters, Faith Prince, Tommy Tune, Kim Zimmer, Charlton Heston. El PasoEl Paso, TXhttps://vivaelpaso.org/auditions, Arizona Broadway TheatrePeoria, AZhttp://azbroadway.org/about-us/employment-auditions-internships/, Desert Stages TheatreScottsdale, AZhttp://www.desertstages.org/adult-auditions/, Valley Youth TheatrePhoenix, AZhttp://www.vyt.com/auditions/back-stage-crew/, Central City OperaDenver, COhttps://centralcityopera.org/careers-auditions/, Colorado Shakespeare FestivalUniv. MA 01267 Call: 413.458.3200 Fax: 413.458.3147 Email: wtfinfo . The Lost Nation Theater in downtown Montpelier puts on a variety of compelling plays for both children and adults during its summer season.
Second Lieutenant Kevin Luna-Torres assembles an M240B machine gun For musical auditions, please prepare a 16-bar cut of a musical theatre song in a style appropriate to the season's shows. 603-323-8500;barnstormerstheatre.org. Naperville, IL 60540. Special thanks to:The University of New Mexico Department of Theatre and DanceThe University of Tennessee Department of Theatre. St. Mary's County Government.
AUDITIONS/APPLICATIONS | cedarsummerstock Originally staged at the Woods Hole marine biology center, CCTP now uses the stage at Falmouth Academy to encourage development of new works, which actors perform with scripts in hand, through the month of July. 1 Winooski Park, Colchester, VT.802-654-2281;saintmichaelsplayhouse.org. [15] The Westport Country Playhouse in Connecticut, since renovated with the support of Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman, was also part of the summer stock circuit. Weve put together a list of some of the best summer playhouses and theaters in New England. 2022 Summer Stock Season. The Barrington Stage Company presents its plays and musicals to great acclaim at its two performance locationsboth of which are located in the heart of downtown Pittsfield. Contact them for more information. "[24] Performers such as Paul Lynde,[25] Bill Bixby, Karen Morrow, Phyllis Diller, Andy Devine, Gordon MacRae[26] and Patrice Munsel starred in Kenley stock productions. For more information see our.
Theatres & Festivals EntWork [43] By 1957, there were 19 tent theaters, many located in Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, and all presenting musicals only. [18][19], Summer Stock at the Historic Elitch Theatre in Denver was the proving-grounds for a number of would-be stars. Were sorry to hear that we missed a theatre company, but our posts are frequently updated, and we know that many of our readers enjoy reading the comments to learn what we may have missed, so thank you for sharing your recommendation. Ticket Office: (413) 997-4444 Get Directions Open The Map. Actors who want to get cast in a summer stock production have several great options. 508/457-4242; www.capecodtheatreproject.org) introduces works-in-progress and performances by some of the country's most renowned and finest emerging artists, including Pulitzer Prize winners Paula Vogel and Langford Wilson, and Oscar Award-winning actress Anna Paquin. 76 Theatre Rd., Madison, ME. 603-924-7585;peterboroughplayers.org. In Sacramento, live musicals in the round are presented in a new permanent complex, The Wells Fargo Pavilion. Music. This season's lineup includes Neil LaBute's premiere of a cycle of one-act plays called Autobahn (July 7-9) and Thanksgiving/Christmas, by emerging playwright Joe Hortua (July 28-30). Operating during the summer months Memorial Day thru Labor Day. Please submit a headshot, resume and 1.5-minute video electronically to: auditions@gloucesterstage.com. Every summer, it offers a series of original plays in its intimate, 75-seat theater space. 413-354-7771;chestertheatre.org. 1 Laker Lane, Meredith, NH. 122 Green St., Northampton, MA. The most plentiful, reliably excellent institutions are still those along Route 7 in the mountains of western Massachusetts, from Great Barrington to Williamstown. The Cape Cod Music Circus (now the Melody Tent) in Hyannis, Massachusetts opened in 1950, the third tent theater to open, and The South Shore Music Circus in Cohasset, Massachusetts followed in 1951. Red Barn TheatreRice Lake, WIhttps://www.redbarntheatre-ricelake.com/copy-of-population-485NOTE: Scroll to the bottom of the page.
DEADLINE: February 19, 2023. Weathervane PlayhouseNewark, OHhttp://weathervaneplayhouse.org/employment-opportunities/, American Players TheatreSpring Green, WIhttps://americanplayers.org/about/employment, Attic Chamber TheatreAppleton, WIhttp://attictheatreinc.com/auditions/, Big Top ChautauquaBayfield, WIhttps://www.bigtop.org/jobs.html, Children's Theatre of MadisonMadison, WIhttp://www.ctmtheater.org/get-involved/work-with-us, Door ShakespeareSturgeon Bay, WIhttp://www.doorshakespeare.com/support-us/work-with-us/, The Fireside TheatreFort Atkinson, WIhttps://www.firesidetheatre.com/about/faqs/NOTE: Audition information is the 8th item on the FAQ, Middleton Players TheatreMiddleton, WIhttp://www.middletonplayers.com/auditions/, Norther Sky TheatreFish Creek, WIhttps://www.northernskytheater.com/about/employment-opportunities/, Peninsula PlayersFish Creek, WIhttps://www.peninsulaplayers.com/about-us/employment/. A renovated eighteenth-century barn houses the Peterborough Players productions, acting as a rustic and unique backdrop for the theaters plays, which the company has been putting onto great acclaimfor nearly eight decades. Quite often movie stars stayed in the Inns cottages, for example: Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Loyd Bridges, Judy Garland, Rock Hudson, George Hamilton, and Fay Ray. Summer stock started in Denver, Colorado, at the Elitch Theatre (part of Elitch Gardens). Box 2001. Distilled Theatre CompanyLexington, KYhttps://www.distilledtheatrecompany.org/NOTE: Use contact form at the bottom of the page.
Theatre Summer Jobs, Employment | Indeed.com As summer has started, a lot of summer theatre can be seen around & their for google is trending for summer stock audition 2022 nyc searches. Many plays move from WTF to Broadway and off-Broadway. Theatre By The Sea has lifted the indoor mask mandate for all of the upcoming scheduled musicals, concerts . [4], Another company was placed in Salt Lake City in December 1894 under the management of T. Daniel Frawley, who later purchased the Neill-Giffen interests and moved the organization to San Francisco. Audition Notices are also posted on Playbill.com two weeks prior to the auditions. Current show information, auditions, fundraising efforts. The Chester Theatre Company prides itself in presenting contemporary and pensive productions that will surely leave you both entertained and in deep thought. Geena Davis, in full Virginia Elizabeth Davis, (born January 21, 1956, Wareham, Massachusetts, U.S.), American actress who was skilled at comedic roles and brought charm and likability to eccentric characters. 25 Powers Court, Westport, CT.203-227-4177;westportplayhouse.org. They are quite costly and out of the summer stock circuit since they run year round at a substantial price for a tktthese are not amateur working the boards! Flat Rock PlayhouseFlat Rock, NChttps://flatrockplayhouse.org/education/#apprenticehttps://flatrockplayhouse.org/education/#internNOTE: Audition and employment contact info is in their FAQ: https://flatrockplayhouse.org/about/#faq, Folkmoot FestivalWaynesville, NChttps://folkmoot.org/applications-2/, HART TheatreWaynesville, NChttps://www.harttheatre.org/#auditions, Lee Street TheatreSalisbury, NChttps://leestreet.org/auditions/https://leestreet.org/summer-internship/, The Lost ColonyManteo, NChttps://thelostcolony.org/about-us/auditions-employment/, Snow Camp Outdoor TheatreSnow Camp, NCNOTE: Snow Camp seems to be part of Studio 1 Productions now. [8], Cecil B. DeMille, who acted in minor roles in the summer stock cast in 1905, would regularly send congratulatory telegrams to the theater on opening night. Pricilla Beach Theatre - All rights reserved. In general, theatrical companies do not enjoy invariable successes, but widespread popularity has made summer theater a major industry, so that there is virtually no section of this country that does not boast at least one such dramatic group.[6]. 508-548-0668;collegelightoperacompany.com. Formerly Weston Playhouse Theatre Company. [11] Touring companies would carry hand props and costumes to each venue, where sound, lights and set would be awaiting them. In American theater, summer-stock theater is a theater that presents stage productions only in the summer.
Summer Events - Visit the Berkshires of Western MA WHY GO: Central Bucks County PA contains an embarrassment of riches. Capital Fringe FestivalWashington, DC NEhttps://www.capitalfringe.org/jobs/fringe-festivaljobs*NOTE: Only active when jobs are available. Millbrook Playhouse is a traditional summer theatre housed in a converted dairy barn with two stages, a 246-seat thrust stage and a 100-seat Cabaret Theatre. Pros: SETC's Professional Auditions draw stock and repertory companies, cruise lines, outdoor festivals, children's theater companies, touring companies, theme parks, and more that offer professional summer and/or full-time positions. They then opened other theaters in the round, including Shady Grove Music Fair in Washington, DC, Painters Mill Music Fair in Maryland (closed in 1991), and the Westbury Music Fair on Long Island, opened in 1956. [4] The following year, James F. Neill and R.L. Our tax identification number is 04-2237311 . 800/526-8532; www.falmouthchamber.com) for lodgings. 119 relations. Louis, MOhttps://muny.org/auditions/https://muny.org/seasonal-employment/, Music Theatre HeritageTheatre at Crown CenterKansas City, MOhttps://musicaltheaterheritage.com/get-involved/, New Jewish TheatreSt. https://www.facebook.com/snowcampoutdoortheatre, Theatre in the ParkRaleigh, NChttps://www.theatreinthepark.com/engage/auditions.htmlhttps://www.theatreinthepark.com/engage/employment.html, Triad StageGreensboro, NChttps://triadstage.org/workwithus, Arts Center of Coastal CarolinaHilton Head Island, SChttp://www.artshhi.com/employmenthttp://www.artshhi.com/auditions, Charleston StageCharleston, SChttps://charlestonstage.com/contact-us/auditions.htmlhttps://charlestonstage.com/contact-us/job-openings.html, The Columbia Stage Society's Town TheatreColumbia, SChttp://towntheatre.com/auditions/, GLOW Lyric TheatreGreenville, SChttp://glowlyric.com/about-us-2/auditions/, Greenville Little TheatreGreenville, SChttps://www.greenvillelittletheatre.org/audition, Peace CenterGreenville, SChttps://www.peacecenter.org/about-us/employment, Spoleto Festival USACharleston, SChttps://spoletousa.org/get-involved/employment/https://spoletousa.org/get-involved/casting-call/, Theatre of the RepublicConway, SChttp://www.theatreoftherepublic.com/auditions, The Warehouse TheatreGreenville, SChttps://warehousetheatre.com/season/auditions/, Cumberland County PlayhouseCrossville, TNhttp://www.ccplayhouse.com/castingauditions, Playhouse on the SquareMemphis, TNhttp://playhouseonthesquare.org/audition.html, Tennessee Stage CompanyKnoxville, TNhttp://tennesseestage.com/home/auditions/, Theatre MemphisMemphis, TNhttps://www.theatrememphis.org/auditions, First Folio TheatreOak Brook, ILhttp://firstfolio.org/about-us/work-with-us/, Illinois Shakespeare FestivalBloomington-Normal, ILhttps://illinoisshakes.com/employment/cast/, Lookingglass Theatre CompanyChicago, ILhttps://lookingglasstheatre.org/work-with-us/, McLeod Summer PlayhouseSIU, Carbondale, ILhttp://playhouse.siu.edu/company-audition/index.php, Oak Park Festival TheatreOak Park, ILhttps://oakparkfestival.com/auditons/, Timber Lake PlayhouseMt. WHAT is about 2-1/2 hours from Providence International Airport, and a little longer from Boston. A few of my friends and I have gone to the Interlakes In Pittsfield, the Colonial Theatre is the go-to for summer musicals. Washington St & 8th St. $13 - $20 an hour. Summer stock started in 1919-1920s with a few theatres: The Muny, St. Louis, Mo.
New England Theater Companies, MA - Auditions Free Summer stock is an important part of American theatre history, which was recognized when Ogunquit's theatre was added to the national register of historic places, raised to National Level. Skip to Main Content . After a stint with summer stock theater in Massachusetts, he . Starting in 1958 performers such as Dan Dailey in Guys and Dolls, Barbara Eden in Lady in the Dark, and Howard Keel in Kismet appeared. Links to other sites are not checked on a regular basis. [22], John Kenley, an Ohio-based producer, ran his own summer stock circuit, Kenley Players, in Columbus, Dayton, Warren, the Carousel Theatre in Akron, and Canton, Ohio, and sent many of the shows to an affiliated theater in Flint, Michigan. Weve attended performances at the Weston (VT) Playhouse and Williamstown (MA) Theater Festival, but our favorite is consistently the Peterborough Players in NH. deciding which one to see next year! On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. URLs for most companies go to either their audition or job listing page.
Williamstown Theatre Festival - Williamstown Theatre Festival Combined auditions give actors, dancers, and singers the chance to audition in front of hundreds of theater companies, production teams and theme parks. The theaters were located in rural areas. You do not need to re-submit an audition video.
Summer stock theatre - Unionpedia, the concept map Ogunquit Playhouse Some smaller theaters still continue this tradition, and a few summer stock theaters have become highly regarded by both patrons as well as performers and designers. Interest and experience in theatre and working with children preferred. Another vote for the Peterborough Players in NH, which celebrates its 85th season this year (not the nearly eight decades cited in your review.) Yankee Magazines Ultimate Guide to Autumn in New England, Yankee Magazines Ultimate New England Winter Guide, Yankee Magazines Ultimate New England Summer Guide, 63 Reasons Why We Love the Cape & Islands, For $14 Million, You Could Own Provincetowns Iconic Lobster Pot Restaurant. 800/214-3799; www.williamstownchamber.com) lists lodgings in the area.
New England Summer Playhouses & Theaters 122 Green St., Northampton, MA. Summer stock is a great way for students to utilize their schooling, learn from industry professionals, and earn some cash for the summer.