what is the population in managua? what is the population in managua?

Since a population census has not currently been carried out, the estimate provided by the National Institute for Development Information INIDE is used, which estimates that by 2021 the population of the capital is 1,350,000 which corresponds to approximately 1.3 million people. 5 million B. Coffee and cotton are the principal crops grown in the agricultural hinterland. Municipal, regional, and national-level elections since 2008 have been marred by widespread irregularities. Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. Domestic flights are operated by La Costea from the international airport. ), electrification - total population: 97% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.2% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 92% (2019), installed generating capacity: 1.837 million kW (2020 est. The lakeshore is at an altitude of 55 meters (180 feet) above sea level, and the city climbs as it gets towards the Sierras de Managua further south where it is over 700 meters (2,297 feet) above sea level. On the professional level, the National Nicaraguan Football team has still not had the public support nor the international exposure as the regional counterparts like the Costa Rican, Honduran or Salvadoran teams. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. Natural history museums include the Museo del Departamento de Malacologa UCA, Museo Gemolgico de la Concha y el Caracol, and Museo Paleontolgico "El Hato". Managua, Nicaragua Population (2022) - Population Stat note: data are in current year dollars$5.939 billion (2020 est.) A third road, under construction, will connect Bluefields, South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region with Managua via Nueva Guinea. [6] ), -2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. Managua's progress came to a sudden halt after it suffered a second major earthquake on December 23, 1972, which destroyed 90% of the city's downtown and killed more than 19,120 people. Out of the country's one hundred and forty airports, it is the only one with the appropriate infrastructure and capacity to handle international flights. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29, 198 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. mas ms de, Select the correct answer. )geothermal: 16.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Nicaragua's population is 69% Mestizo, 17% white, 5% Amerindian and 9% black and other races, although its demographics change with migration. Population 6,203,441 Population Growth Rate 1.05% Urban Population 57.5% Population in Major Urban Areas MANAGUA (capital) 970,000 Demographics of Nicaragua - Wikipedia The city has a population of roughly 1,800,000, composed predominantly of mestizos and whites; making it the second most populous city in Central America after Guatemala City. ), total population: 75.05 yearsmale: 72.84 yearsfemale: 77.36 years (2023 est. Managua, the largest city in the country, is also its centre of commerce and culture. Some buildings burned to the ground, while the foundations of others simply gave way. The library also has a gallery in the same building, where notable Nicaraguan paintings, as well as pieces from new promising artists, are exhibited. Nicaragua - Country Profile - Republica de Nicaragua Nicaragua has committed executions, crimes against humanity, U.N. group History museums include the Museo de la Revolucin, Museo Casa Hacienda San Jacinto and Museo Parque Loma de Tiscapa. The metro area population of Managua in 2021 was 1,073,000, a 0.85% increase from 2020. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The population in Managua, to 2021, is: 1.3 million people Managua population. Managua has grown by 17,811 in the last year, which represents a 1.4% annual change. [62] El Rama is connected by highway to Managua. )carbon dioxide emissions: 5.59 megatons (2016 est. 1,033,622. At the same time, the city is served by the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport, the country's primary international gateway, and regional Los Brasiles airport and Punta Huete military air base, recently renewed. [54] The St. James' Cathedral became the first cathedral in the Western Hemisphere to be built entirely of concrete on a metal frame. 84% of the country's population lives in urban areas. The city has railroad and highway connections with the Pacific port of Corinto and with the cities of Len and Granada. [citation needed] During the parade many people dress up in typical costumes, masks and painted bodies. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 1,528,816 tons (2010 est. The Nicaraguan capital has had an ascending population clearly registered in the censuses since 1971, with an initial population of 384,904 for that year, which has increased to 908,892 for the year 2005 . The National Palace is one of Managua's oldest buildings, undamaged by the 1972 earthquake. Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras, total: 130,370 sq kmland: 119,990 sq kmwater: 10,380 sq km, slightly larger than Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than New York state, total: 1,253 kmborder countries (2): Costa Rica 313 km; Honduras 940 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: natural prolongation, tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands, extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes, highest point: Mogoton 2,085 mlowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 mmean elevation: 298 m, gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish, agricultural land: 42.2% (2018 est. 6,804,000 Form Of Government: unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Assembly [92 1 ]) . There are numerous radio stations in Managua, some of which tend to have political, social, or religious affiliations. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [18] There are cinemas in all major shopping centers; screening both English- and Spanish-language films. ), 5.96% (2021 est. Nicaragua Population 2023 (Live) - worldpopulationreview.com [38] The city is also home to many communities of immigrants and ex-pats from countries including but not limited to Taiwan, China, Germany, the United States, Palestine, and Latin American countries. [2][3] Or, it may have come from the Mangue language, where the word managua was said to mean "place of the big man" or "chief". )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. El Nuevo Diario. Nicaragua: country data and statistics - Worlddata.info These estimates represent the Urban agglomeration of Managua, which typically includes Managua's population in addition to adjacent suburban areas. It was founded in 1967. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, Yo cocino ____ ____ mi esposa. Across from the Central Park, on the north side, is the Rubn Daro park and monument, dedicated to Nicaragua's greatest poet and one of the most influential literary figures of the Spanish-speaking world. Located on Lake Managua's southwestern shores, Managua is the capital and the most populated city in Nicaragua. Managua's 2021 population is now estimated at 1,072,852. [citation needed] The cathedral survived the 1931 earthquake, but was heavily damaged during the 1972 earthquake, which eventually led to the construction of a new cathedral located in another part of Managua. Cities. Nicaragua's total fertility rate has fallen from around 6 children per woman in 1980 to below replacement level today, but the high birth rate among adolescents perpetuates a cycle of poverty and low educational attainment. Commercial activity, however, remains low. Environmental Conservation. [17] Managua is also Nicaragua's main political, social, cultural, educational and economic hub. Download Historical Data Save as Image From: To: Zoom: There are four main highways that lead into Managua. Political turmoil, civil war, and natural disasters from the 1970s through the 1990s dramatically increased the flow of refugees and permanent migrants seeking jobs, higher wages, and better social and healthcare benefits. Salsa dancing is a national pastime. )0.6% of GDP (2020 est. ), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2023 est. It is also the administrative, commercial, educational and economic hub of the country. Nicaraguan men have been migrating seasonally to Costa Rica to harvest bananas and coffee since the early 20th century. Roman Catholic 50%, Evangelical 33.2%, other 2.9%, none 0.7%, unspecified 13.2% (2017 est.). The city, with a population exceeding one million inhabitants, houses many large national and international businesses. Spanish (official) 95.3%, Miskito 2.2%, Mestizo of the Caribbean coast 2%, other 0.5%; note - English and indigenous languages found on the Caribbean coast (2005 est. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 60%, El Salvador 5%, Mexico 5% (2019), clothing and apparel, gold, insulated wiring, coffee, beef (2019), $8.306 billion (2021 est.) There is a large established local market system that caters to the majority of Nicaraguans. [52] The monument was proposed by Ernesto Cardenal and is protected by the Nicaraguan military. Northwest of Managua, in the city of Len, lived the poet Alfonso Corts (1893-1969), who had been declared "mad" at the age of 34 and chained in his bedroom. Managua's city area extends about 544 square kilometers (210 square miles), essentially south from the south shore of Lake Managua. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 7, total: 122,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 3under 914 m: 4 (2021), total: 1351,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 15under 914 m: 119 (2021), total: 23,897 km (2014)paved: 3,346 km (2014)unpaved: 20,551 km (2014), 2,220 km (2011) (navigable waterways as well as the use of the large Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua; rivers serve only the sparsely populated eastern part of the country), total: 5by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 1, other 3 (2021), Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito de Nicaragua, EN): Land Forces (Fuerza Terrestre); Naval Forces (Fuerza Naval); Air Forces (Fuerza Area); Special Operations Command (Comando de Operaciones Especiales); Nicaraguan National Police (2022)note: both the military and the police report directly to the president, 0.6% of GDP (2021 est. Almost every fourth Nicaraguan is a Managuan and the city still grows rapidly through people moving in, making a person "born and raised" in Managua something of a rare sight. The Dennis Martnez National Stadium is home to many baseball games of Managua's Boer team. This country consists of an area of 50,193 square miles. )$2.397 billion (31 December 2019 est. It is a neo-classical monument which consists of a round pedestal, topped by a balustrade surrounding a fountain containing a gondola filled with singing cherubs, and at the center, a pillar topped with a statue of Daro dressed in a Roman tunic protected by an angel. note: data are in current year dollars$5.714 billion (2019 est.) and D.B.Kramer. The rainy season occurs between mid-May and mid-November, while the dry-season occurs between mid-November and the middle or end of May. All of Nicaragua's main roads lead to Managua, and there are good public transportation connections to and from the capital. )permanent pasture: 27.2% (2018 est. Managua is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities[71] from 12 October 1982 establishing brotherly relations with the following cities: This article is about the capital city of Nicaragua. [26] According to a study done by Amrica Economa INCAE ranked as the number one business school in Latin America in 2004 and 2005[27] and ranked in the top ten international business schools by The Wall Street Journal in 2006.[28]. Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. And seven bus routes connect to the nearby Ciudad Sandino. This highway is commonly referred to as the Northern Highway. [citation needed] Restoration of the old cathedral has appeared to be possible. The architects had been inspired by the church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris, France. Another festival taking place since 2003 is the Alegria por la Vida (Happiness for Life) Carnaval is celebrated in Managua at the beginning of the month of March. In 1950, the population of Managua was 109,903. Managua - Wikipedia (Spanish)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. Managua is home to an array of art galleries which feature pieces by both national and international artists.[40]. Located on the southwestern shores of Lake Nicaragua, Managua has been the capital of Nicaragua since the 1800's. The largest city in Nicaragua in both population and size, Managua was originally a sleepy rural fishing community. )$496.7 million (2020 est. In 2006, after the Sandinista National Liberation Front came back into power, literacy, health and reconstruction programs were expanded. ), municipal: 286 million cubic meters (2017 est. As of 2015, the city houses a population of 1,048,134. Transportation-wise, Managua is one of Nicaragua's best positioned cities. )solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. World Book, 2009. Critics pointed to the fact that buildings of particular importance, especially those of colonial heritage, were painted in bright colors. Since 2000, Nicaraguan emigration to Costa Rica has slowed and stabilized. [7] Residents of the city are called managuas, managenses, or capitalinos. Averages are for Managua A. C. Sandino, which is 6 miles from Managua. The National Palace was one of the few building that survived the 1972 earthquake. )$11.771 billion (2018 est. Other monuments include the monument of El Guerrillero sin Nombre (The Nameless Guerrilla Soldier) and Monumento la Paz (Monument for Peace). Annual Weather Averages Near Managua. The Santo Domingo de Guzmn Museum is an anthropology museum. ), forest revenues: 1.26% of GDP (2018 est. Managua (Spanish pronunciation:[manawa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. )-1.79% (2020 est. )permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est. Pop. University level institutions account for 6% of the 18 percent. nos Click here to get an answer to your question What is the population of Managua. )expenditures: $4.15 billion (2017 est. Some of the larger television channels include: Canal 2, Telenica, Canal 10, Canal 15 (100% Noticias), and several others. By Reuters. In Mercado Roberto Huembes, Mercado Oriental, Mercado Israel Lewites and other locations one can find anything from household amenities, food, clothing, electronics, construction materials, and other contracting supplies. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est. ), $11.674 billion (2019 est. [citation needed], The National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Nicaragua) is the main state-funded public university of Nicaragua. ), general assessment: Nicaraguas telecoms market has mirrored the countrys poor economic achievements, with fixed-line teledensity and mobile penetration also being the lowest in Central America; the fixed line broadband market remains nascent, with population penetration below 4%; most internet users are concentrated in the largest cities, given that rural and marginal areas lack access to the most basic telecom infrastructure; internet cafs provide public access to internet and email services, but these also tend to be restricted to the larger population centers; to address poor infrastructure, the World Bank has funded a project aimed at improving connectivity via a national fiber broadband network; there are separate schemes to improve broadband in eastern regions and provide links to Caribbean submarine cables; the number of mobile subscribers overtook the number of fixed lines in early 2002, and the mobile sector now accounts for most lines in service (2021)domestic: since privatization, access to fixed-line and mobile-cellular services has improved; fixed-line teledensity roughly 3 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has increased to roughly 90 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 505; landing point for the ARCOS fiber-optic submarine cable which provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, multiple terrestrial TV stations, supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas; nearly all are government-owned or affiliated; more than 300 radio stations, both government-affiliated and privately owned (2019), total: 2,981,049 (2020 est. This is Managua's moment and here are the best things to see and do in the city. 11/05/2011, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:02, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Institute of History of Nicaragua and Central America, Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto, Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, "Managua en el Tiempo: La "Novia del Xolotln", "Resurge el centro de Managua en busca de su antiguo esplendor", Proyecto NIC10-59044: Promocin de un Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible para Managua Metropolitana, "Deadly history of earthquakes: 23 December 1972", ENACAL - Ms Aguas y Saneamientos 2007-2010, "Topic 4: Megaproject to Clean up Lake Managua Begins", Nicaragua inaugurates $86 million treatment plan to clean up Lake Managua, "Klimatafel von Managua (Int. Backlinks from other websites and blogs are the lifeblood of our site and are our primary source of new traffic. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. The Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979 to overthrow the Somoza regime and the 11-year-long Contra War of the 1980s further devastated the city and its economy. ), total subscriptions: 210,981 (2020 est. )note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP, -$316.6 million (2021 est. ), fresh water lake(s): Lago de Nicaragua - 8,150 sq km; Lago de Managua - 1,040 sq km, the overwhelming majority of the population resides in the western half of the country, with much of the urban growth centered in the capital city of Managua; coastal areas also show large population clusters, destructive earthquakes; volcanoes; landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes, volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Cerro Negro (728 m), which last erupted in 1999, is one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes; its lava flows and ash have been known to cause significant damage to farmland and buildings; other historically active volcanoes include Concepcion, Cosiguina, Las Pilas, Masaya, Momotombo, San Cristobal, and Telica, largest country in Central America; contains the largest freshwater body in Central America, Lago de Nicaragua, Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and White) 69%, White 17%, Black 9%, Amerindian 5%. Some of these include a centrally located Art Deco gazebo crowned with a white-washed naked muse, which happens to have superb acoustics. Nicaragua - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency Click here to get an answer to your question What is the population in Managua? Eventually, the church's original concrete and gray surface became accepted and Catholic pilgrims began to embrace the church as it was. [citation needed]. Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. A road from the river port city of El Rama to Pearl Lagoon, located in the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, was completed in 2007. The population reached 937,489 in 2005, with more than 1.2 million people in the metropolitan area, representing one-fourth of the total population of Nicaragua. )note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008, lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 47.1% (2014), revenues: $3.871 billion (2017 est. Nicaragua | Geography, History, & Facts | Britannica note: data are in current year dollars$5.342 billion (2020 est.) Managua is the national education center, with most of the nation's prestigious universities and higher education institutions based there. In 1950, the population of Managua was 109,903. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 13,000 bbl/day (2018 est. The most centrally located is the Tiscapa Lagoon in the Tiscapa Lagoon Natural Reserve. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador prompted the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. )imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Corrections? However, income distribution is very uneven, and the poor, agriculturalists, and indigenous people continue to have less access to healthcare services. Web. In 1952 the University of Managua became part of the National University of Nicaragua. Today, it houses the National Archive, the National Library, as well as the National Museum which is open to the public. me Also, the tomb of Carlos Fonseca, founder of the FSLN, which is guarded by an eternal flame. Coffee and cotton are the principal crops grown in the agricultural hinterland. Surviving fire squadrons and ambulance companies were not able to handle the skyrocketing demand for their services. Businesses mushroomed, new housing projects and schools were constructed, the airport was expanded and modernized, streets were widened, older malls were repaired and new ones were built, and buildings were cleaned up. United Nations - World Population Prospects, Managua, Nicaragua Metro Area Population 1950-2023, The current metro area population of Managua in 2023 is, The metro area population of Managua in 2022 was, The metro area population of Managua in 2021 was, The metro area population of Managua in 2020 was. Also pending is a mega-project to reconstruct the old center of Managua, and to introduce a light rail system, to alleviate future transportation problems in Managua. The monument stands 59feet tall. The Nicaraguan Revolution: History and Impact - ThoughtCo )hydroelectricity: 12.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Such a building whose intention was to serve as a place of worship was expected to have some sort of vibrant color. [67], Most bus coaches in Managua are fabricated by DINA S.A. and Mercedes-Benz. The metro would serve important locales, such as the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport and continue service to Ciudad Sandino. The importance of sugarcane, rice, sorghum, cattle, and horses is decreasing. Official name: Republic of Nicaragua Capital city: Managua Population: 6,203,441 Area: 130,370 sq km Major languages: Spanish, Miskito Time zone: UTC-6 (Central Time Zone) (Source: CIA World Fact Book) Interesting facts about Nicaragua. Since the late 1990s and early 2000, many casinos and karaoke bars opened and have remained popular attractions for Nicaraguans and foreign visitors. Buses are the most economical way to get around the city and thus contributes to high numbers of ridership. in 2017). The highest mountain peak (Pico Mogotn) is at . The capital city of Managua is situated halfway between two of Nicaragua's colonial jewels: the revolutionary city of Leon and the glittering gem that is Granada, founded in 1524. The Carretera A Masaya connects Managua to the departments of Masaya and Granada. The most populous city in the country is the capital city, Managua, with a population of 1.2 million (2005). )services: 60% (2017 est. / Nicaragua", "Central American Countries of the Future 2005/2006", "Hoy inaugurarn moderno observatorio astronmico", "Latin American Business School Ranking (2005)", "Wall Street Journal/Harris Interactive Business School Survey", "Universidad Thomas More Profesionales de Primera", "Universidad Centroamericana UCA de Nicaragua", "La Prensa, El Diario de los Nicaraguenses Noticias Economia", "Tourism Observer: NICARAGUA: Managua, Travel On Chicken Buses, Homosexuality Not Illegal Hence No Jail Sentence", "Miss Nicaragua, una historia accidentada", "Sobre Managua: Cultura y Turismo [Fiestas Patronales de Managua]", "Concluyen fiestas patronales de la capital nicaragense", "National Stadi Rubn Daro National Theater", "Monumento al General Augusto Cesar Sandino", "National Stadium: Baseball matches and more", "Nicaragua Briefs: Obando's New Cathedral Off to a Strange Start", "Central America takes harder line against gangs", "Drugs & Crime; Gang Profile: Mara Salvatrucha", "The case of Managua's District V: Disinformation, prudence or something else? )beer: 1.57 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects. [12] Managua had become Central America's most developed city. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Founded as a pre-Columbian fishing town, the city was incorporated in 1819 and given the name Leal Villa de Santiago de Managua. At the time of its construction in the late 1960s, it was the most modern stadium in Central America. )0.6% of GDP (2019) (approximately $170 million)0.6% of GDP (2018) (approximately $180 million)0.6% of GDP (2017) (approximately $190 million), approximately 12,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 800 Navy; 1,200 Air Force) (2022), the Nicaraguan military's inventory includes mostly secondhand Russian/Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, Russia has been the leading arms supplier to Nicaragua (2022), 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2022), the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2022), Nicaragua-El Salvador-Honduras: the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; the court ruled, rather, that the Gulf ofFonsecarepresents a condominium, with control being shared by El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the decision allowed for the possibility that the three nations could divide the waters at a later date if they wished to do so, Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Nicaragua and Costa Rica regularly file border dispute cases with the ICJ over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island, virtually uninhabited areas claimed by both countries; there is an ongoing case in the ICJ to determine Pacific and Atlantic ocean maritime borders as well as land borders; in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region; in 2018, the ICJ ruled that Nicaragua must remove a military base from a contested coastal area near the San Juan River, and that Costa Rica had sovereignty over the northern part of Isla Portillos, including the coast, but excluding Harbour Head Lagoon; additionally, Honduras was required to pay reparations for environmental damage to part of the wetlands at the mouth of the San Juan River, Nicaragua-Colombia: Nicaragua filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which contains rich oil and fish resources; as of September 2021, Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling, tier rating: Tier 3 Nicaragua does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so and was downgraded to Tier 3; the government identified slightly more victims than in the previous reporting period and prosecuted a trafficker; however, no traffickers were convicted and victim identification remained inadequate; authorities did not investigate, prosecute, or convict government employees complicit in trafficking; the government provided no victim services; prosecution, protection, and prevention efforts in the two Caribbean autonomous regions of Nicaragua continued to be much weaker than in the rest of the country (2020)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Nicaragua and Nicaraguans abroad; women, children, and migrants are most at risk; women and children are subject to sex trafficking within the country and its two Caribbean autonomous regions, as well as in other Central American countries, Mexico, Spain, and the United States; traffickers used social media to recruit victims with promises of high-paying jobs in restaurants, hotels, construction, and security outside of Nicaragua where they are subjected to sex or labor trafficking; traffickers exploit children through forced participation in illegal drug production and trafficking; children and persons with disabilities are subjected to forced begging; Nicaragua is also a destination for child sex tourists from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, a transit route for drug traffickers smuggling cocaine from South America through Mexico into the United States via maritime and air routes, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).