what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Portugal protested that the line gave excessively to Spain. Overview. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. Eventually they blocked access altogether. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? - Brainly In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. spices, of Asia. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. The Portuguese Role in Exploring and Mapping the New World It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. 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In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? Spanish Exploration: Summary, Reasons & Effects | StudySmarter C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. How did Exploration impact the world? Henry the Navigator. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. . In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. This compass showed from four to eight directions. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. These lands comprised most of the Americas. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man! The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. Want to create or adapt books like this? European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. He also started a school NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?the renaissance apartments chicago snoopy happy dance emoji 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 The Portuguese took the lead. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. What did Portugal do first during the age of exploration? They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. YouTube Videos for Young Children: An Exploratory Study Spanish Exploration And Colonization - 1015 Words | Studymode The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Back to Table of Contents. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700 on JSTOR Islamic states had dominated. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. However, the reality is far more complex. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. 101 Independence Ave. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. How Portugal became the first global sea power - CBS News Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest | US History I (OS Collection) Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Ten years later, Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru where he subsequently conquered the Incan Empire situated in the Andes Mountains. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. Benjamin Walter on LinkedIn: What is the effect of emplacement depth How Portugal Kicked Off the Age of Exploration - HISTORY She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. Spanish Exploration and Colonization | Encyclopedia.com Where did Christopher Columbus first land? Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . What did the Portuguese and Spanish contribute to the age of It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. By All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Flashcards | Quizlet In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. The Library of Congress. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. Sources. . The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. No products in the cart. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Taming the Bullwhip: An Exploration of the Supply Chain Ripple Effect They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. Bethel veterans weigh in on cost of living, health care and suicide The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. This was centre of the gold trade. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America.